Cost and Performance Targets for Fully Electrochemical Ammonia Production under Flexible Operation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Methods to produce ammonia from air, water, and renewable electricity are necessary transition production away the CO2-emitting Haber–Bosch process. In this vein, a fully electric process in which water-splitting-derived hydrogen air-separation-derived nitrogen reacted an electrochemical is attractive. Herein, we evaluated cost-effectiveness of large-scale relying on sources conjunction with different types storage flexible operation using mixed-integer linear programming framework. We found that can be produced economically competitive manner, i.e., at costs < 1 $/kg, large scales if reactor partial currents exceeding 400 mA cm–2, energy efficiencies 30%, lifetimes several years. light this, alternative chemistries reduce high rates moderate (<2.5 V) overpotentials for economical, production.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: ACS energy letters
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2380-8195']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01197